John Penn's Bath
John Penn's Bath is a stone bath of early 19th century origin, built for John Penn, the original owner of Pennsylvania Castle. It is located on the wooded hillside directly below the castle and above Church Ope Cove. The bath measures 9 feet (2.7 m) long, by 4 feet (1.2 m) deep and 4 feet (1.2 m) high.
History
Sea bathing gained popularity throughout the 18th and 19th centuries for its perceived health benefits. In the late 18th century, Weymouth was transformed into a popular seaside resort following a succession of summer holidays taken there by King George III between 1789 and 1805. Recovering from ill health, the King chose the town as a good location for sea bathing and would make use of a bathing machine in Weymouth Bay.
During one of the King's excursions to Portland, he was accompanied by the politician and writer John Penn, whose mother, Juliana Fermor, was a lady-in-waiting to Queen Charlotte. Following Penn's discovery of Church Ope Cove, the King granted him the Crown-owned land on the cliff above as a site for a marine residence. Pennsylvania Castle, designed by the renowned architect James Wyatt, was constructed in 1797-1800.
Following the castle's completion, Penn concentrated on expanding and enhancing his grounds, including having the ruins of Rufus Castle and St Andrew's Church enclosed, which in turn sparked much protest from local residents and Portland's governing Court Leet. During this same period, Penn decided that he wanted to enjoy the benefits of sea bathing, but without having to make the journey down from the castle to the cove below. He chose a plot of common land on the sloping hillside below the castle and had a large oval-shaped bath built there in 1805.
Although the Court Leet were made aware of Penn's encroachment onto common land while the bath was being constructed, they decided to wait until it had been completed before demanding an annual rent of half-a-crown from him. Penn refused to pay and chose to abandon his bath after having only used it on a few occasions. When he did use it, his valet was tasked with filling the bath with seawater from the cove below. Meanwhile, the legal issues between Penn and the Court Leet over the enclosing of Rufus Castle and St Andrew's were finally settled in 1822, with Penn agreeing to pay five shillings per year in return for keeping the historic sites as part of his grounds.
References
The following is an A-Z list of references for this page.
1) Exploring Portland - John Penn's Bath - Geoff Kirby - website page
2) Google Books - Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club - Volume 37 - 1916 - website page
3) Isle of Portland Official Guide - Portland Urban District Council - Ed. J. Burrow & Co. Ltd, Chelternham and London - 1950s - page 13 - book
4) Pennsylvania Castle (The Penn) - Official Website - Home - website page
5) The Island and Royal Manor of Portland - Notes on its History, Laws and Customs - J. W. Warren - Order of the Court Leet and Court of the Manor - 1939 - pages 62-63 - book
6) Web Archive: Dorset for You - members.multimania.co.uk - John Penn - Archived from the original in 2011 - website page
History
Sea bathing gained popularity throughout the 18th and 19th centuries for its perceived health benefits. In the late 18th century, Weymouth was transformed into a popular seaside resort following a succession of summer holidays taken there by King George III between 1789 and 1805. Recovering from ill health, the King chose the town as a good location for sea bathing and would make use of a bathing machine in Weymouth Bay.
During one of the King's excursions to Portland, he was accompanied by the politician and writer John Penn, whose mother, Juliana Fermor, was a lady-in-waiting to Queen Charlotte. Following Penn's discovery of Church Ope Cove, the King granted him the Crown-owned land on the cliff above as a site for a marine residence. Pennsylvania Castle, designed by the renowned architect James Wyatt, was constructed in 1797-1800.
Following the castle's completion, Penn concentrated on expanding and enhancing his grounds, including having the ruins of Rufus Castle and St Andrew's Church enclosed, which in turn sparked much protest from local residents and Portland's governing Court Leet. During this same period, Penn decided that he wanted to enjoy the benefits of sea bathing, but without having to make the journey down from the castle to the cove below. He chose a plot of common land on the sloping hillside below the castle and had a large oval-shaped bath built there in 1805.
Although the Court Leet were made aware of Penn's encroachment onto common land while the bath was being constructed, they decided to wait until it had been completed before demanding an annual rent of half-a-crown from him. Penn refused to pay and chose to abandon his bath after having only used it on a few occasions. When he did use it, his valet was tasked with filling the bath with seawater from the cove below. Meanwhile, the legal issues between Penn and the Court Leet over the enclosing of Rufus Castle and St Andrew's were finally settled in 1822, with Penn agreeing to pay five shillings per year in return for keeping the historic sites as part of his grounds.
References
The following is an A-Z list of references for this page.
1) Exploring Portland - John Penn's Bath - Geoff Kirby - website page
2) Google Books - Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club - Volume 37 - 1916 - website page
3) Isle of Portland Official Guide - Portland Urban District Council - Ed. J. Burrow & Co. Ltd, Chelternham and London - 1950s - page 13 - book
4) Pennsylvania Castle (The Penn) - Official Website - Home - website page
5) The Island and Royal Manor of Portland - Notes on its History, Laws and Customs - J. W. Warren - Order of the Court Leet and Court of the Manor - 1939 - pages 62-63 - book
6) Web Archive: Dorset for You - members.multimania.co.uk - John Penn - Archived from the original in 2011 - website page
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